Le Ba Dang, who went by 'Lebadang' as well as by the alias, 'Hoi', was born in Bich-La-Dong, Hue province, Vietnam. While still a teenager, he secretly altered personal documents to join the Main d'oeuvre Indigine (M.O.I), or "Indigenous Manpower" branch of the French Ministry of Labor in 1939. Unbeknownst to Lebadang, it was an exploitive operation that would place him in a prison at Baumettes. Lebadang escaped from a prison factory, was caught, re-imprisoned in the Hautes-Pyrenees, and once more escaped to Toulouse, a free zone. Lebadang rarely spoke of this time, one he found too painful to address even through art. However, its end came with a life-changing twist, as he was able to take his first formal lessons in painting and sculpture at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, under the tutelage of Espinasse and Manin. In 1948 he received his diploma. At this time he also entered a design competition, for which he won first prize. With the competition money, he moved to Paris. 

In 1950 Lebadang held his first solo exhibition in Paris, which gained critical acclaim and was quickly followed by shows throughout France. With sales he was able to open a studio in the rue de la Montagne-Saint-Genevieve, where he focused on oil painting and drawing in India ink. He exhibited regularly at the Galerie de l'Odeon in Paris and, in the late 1950s, at the Galerie Cezanne in Cannes. His works at this time showed the influence of both of the worlds he was a part of, incorporating watercolor and brushed ink reminiscent of the artwork of Vietnam with the influence of European Modernism. This led to a variety of commissions, including an illustration job commissioned by the director of the Far Eastern Department at UNESCO to illustrate a book of poetry, published by Editions Euros. 

By the 1960s, he was exhibiting in Germany, Switzerland, Norway, London, and in the United States, with a major exhibition at the Cincinnati Museum in Ohio that opened the doors to the booming American art collectors' market. He also began to take an interest in printmaking, publishing a variety of portfolios of lithographs and uninked relief etchings. As the Vietnam war gained worldwide attention, Lebadang turned his artistic lens to the theme of war, painting a series titled "Paysage Indomptable" (Indomitable landscape), executed in black and white with red lines representing the Ho Chi Min trail. During the Paris Peace Talks of 1973 he requested that M. Le Duc Tho, the chief Vietnamese negotiator, bring back metal debris from the B52 bombs in order for Lebadang to create a series of sculptures addressing the devastation done to his homeland. He would send the proceeds of these works to the Vietnamese government to aid in recovery efforts; Lebadang himself would also return to Vietnam in 1975 to locate dispersed family and help rebuild his village.